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This study aimed to compare the effects of bilateral cavernous nerve crushing (BCNC) and bilateral cavernous nerve resection (BCNR) on intracavernous pressure (ICP) and cavernous pathology in rats and to explore the optimal treatment time for the BCNC and BCNR models. Seventy-two male rats aged 12 weeks were randomly divided into three equal groups: Sham (both cavernous nerves exposed only), BCNC (BCN crushed for 2 min), and BCNR (5 mm of BCN resected). Erectile function was then measured at 1 week, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks after nerve injury, and penile tissues were harvested for histological and molecular analyses by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and cytokine array. We found that erectile function parameters including the maximum, area, and slope of ICP/mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly decreased after BCNR and BCNC at 1 week and 3 weeks. At 5 weeks, no significant differences were observed in ICP/MAP between the BCNC and Sham groups, whereas the ICP/MAP of the BCNR group remained significantly lower than that of the Sham group. After BCNC and BCNR, the amount of neuronal-nitric oxide synthase-positive fibers, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells decreased, whereas the amount of collagen III content increased. These pathological changes recovered over time, especially in the BCNC group. Our findings demonstrate that BCNC leads to acute and reversible erectile dysfunction, thus treatment time should be restricted to the first 3 weeks post-BCNC. In contrast, the self-healing ability of the BCNR model is poor, making it more suitable for long-term treatment research.
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Objective To develop and allocate regional elderly care resources based on local service needs.Methods From February 2016 to May 2016,a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted to measure the elderly care service needs among residents over 60 years of age in Malu Township of Shanghai Jiading District.A telephone survey on the old-age care resources in Malu Township was carried out in November 2016.The demarcation of the aged care service needs was considered according to the resource classification from supplier side and the needs scores from the demander side.Kappa consistency test was used to compare the current care setting and the care setting matched to the real needs on the basis of the demarcation criteria.Results The results of the demarcation showed that 8 old-aged with score ≥ 44.5 in the survey (0.2％) should have the skilled nursing facility-based care;218 with the score of 24.1 to 44.4 (5.1％) should have the welfare institution-based care;60 with score of 23.2 to 24.0 (1.4％) should have elderly home-based care;72 with scores of 22.1 to 23.1 (1.7％) should have the community-based care;3 954 with score ≤ 22.0 (91.6％) should have home-based care.The consistency between the status of current care setting and the care setting matched to the real needs based on the demarcation criteria was poor (Kappa=0.092,P＜0.01).Conclusions This study sets a grading criterion for the service objects of the various aged care services in Malu Township,and provides a basis for the orderly,rational and fair distribution of the regional old-age care service resources.However,the current resource allocation in the region is not accurately matched to the real needs,the problem should be solved with the application of the demarcation criterion.
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Objective To survey on the elderly care needs in the community of Shanghai.Methods From February 2017 to May 2017,a survey on the elderly care needs was conducted using stratified sampling method among 4 312 residents aged ≥60 years in Malu township of Shanghai Jiading District.The survey involved physical health status (illness,self-care ability,vision,risk of falls),mental health status (expression ability in feelings of self-will/information,comprehension in others' willingness/information,depression,anxiety),social health status(family care ability),and willingness for elderly care method (self-desires for old-age support,family-desires for old-age support).The survey was implemented by family doctors.Results The total demand for elderly care services for the elderly in Malu Township was skewed,with a median score of 9.9 points (5.7,15.1).In terms of physical health status,72.7％(3 135) of the elderly suffered from one or more diseases,90.8％(3 915) of the elderly had good self-care ability,83.5％ (3 600) of the elderly had good eyesight,and 98.5％(4 247) of the elderly had only mild risk of falling;in terms of mental health status,81.8％(3 527) of the elderly had normal expression ability of self-willingness/information,and 98.3％(4 239) of the elderly had normal understanding ability of wishes/information expressed by others,87.5％(3 773) of elderly people did not have depression,97.0％(4 183) of the elderly had no anxiety;in terms of social health,58.7％(2 531) of elderly people had normal family care ability;58.7％(2 531) of elderly people were willing to get home-based care,and 53.0％(2 285) of their families also hoped that the elderly could get home-based care.Conclusion The needs of elderly care services is at a lower level among old-aged residents in Malu township,however,there is a relatively low social health status.This study provides an objective quantitative basis for the targeted development of medical care and support services for the elderlv in the communitv in the future.
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Objective To develop a measuring tool for the elderly care service needs in the community.Methods Based on the literature search and Delphi expert consultation,a measuring tool for elderly care service needs was developed.The reliability (internal consistency coefficient) and validity (surface validity,content validity,criterion-related validity) of the developed measurement tool were evaluated with on-site expert consultation and the cross-sectional survey.Results A 11-dimension measurement tool was developed,which covered physical health,mental health and desires for old-age support assessment.The reliability evaluation showed that there was significant correlation (P＜0.05) among the measurement dimensions of the physical health and the mental health of the elderly in community.The validity evaluation showed that the measurement methods for the measurement dimensions of the elderly care needs,including the evaluation items,evaluation methods,and rating methods,all got below 2 scores in applicability assessment,and the measurement methods of the self-care ability,vision,the self-willingness/information expression of the elderly,the ability of the elderly to understand the willingness/information expressed by others,and the ability to provide family care were all supported by more than 50％ experts,which indicated that the surface validity and content validity were good.There was a significant positive correlation between the living places of the elderly and the needsof elderly care services (r=0.214,P＜0.01),and there were significant correlations between all measurement dimensions with the living place except anxiety (P＜0.05),which indicated that the measurement tool had an acceptable criterion-related validity.The consistency of self-supporting willingness,the family willingness to care for the elderly with the current old-age care place were relatively poor (Kappa=0.063,P=0.007;Kappa=0.051,P=0.006).Conclusion The overall performance of the measurement tool for the elderly care service needs developed in this study is acceptable.It has been approved by both the elderly care service suppliers and the elderly care service needs evaluators.It also shows some internal consistency in measurement results of the demanders,and is consistent with the actual living place.
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Objective · To investigate the performance of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) on cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), and evaluate the value of TVS combined with MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of CSP. Methods · A retrospective analysis was made in 42 patients with CSP in Shanghai General Hospital in recent 3 years. The TVS performance, MRI results, and clinical data of the patients were analyzed. Results · In all 42 cases, 36 were diagnosed as CPS. TVS missed one case, and misdiagnosed 5 cases, which diagnostic accuracy was 85.7%. Thirty-six cases were tested by MRI, therein 32 cases were diagnosed correctly, 3 cases missed, 1 case misdiagnosed, which diagnostic accuracy rate was 88.9%. Among the 36 CSP cases, 30 were simple sac type and 6 were mixedmass type. For the simple sac type, different treatment was chosen according to the muscle thickness of the lower uterine segment incision measured by TVS. When it was more than 3 mm, suction surgery was used. But when it was no more than 3 mm, MRI examination was further used, and the surgical resection or uterine artery embolism+MTX+suction surgery was chosen. Conclusion · Both TVS and MRI have a high diagnostic accuracy for CSP, and TVS combined with MRI can provide important reference for CSP treatment options.
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Objective · To investigate the performance of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) on cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), and evaluate the value of TVS combined with MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of CSP. Methods · A retrospective analysis was made in 42 patients with CSP in Shanghai General Hospital in recent 3 years. The TVS performance, MRI results, and clinical data of the patients were analyzed. Results · In all 42 cases, 36 were diagnosed as CPS. TVS missed one case, and misdiagnosed 5 cases, which diagnostic accuracy was 85.7%. Thirty-six cases were tested by MRI, therein 32 cases were diagnosed correctly, 3 cases missed, 1 case misdiagnosed, which diagnostic accuracy rate was 88.9%. Among the 36 CSP cases, 30 were simple sac type and 6 were mixedmass type. For the simple sac type, different treatment was chosen according to the muscle thickness of the lower uterine segment incision measured by TVS. When it was more than 3 mm, suction surgery was used. But when it was no more than 3 mm, MRI examination was further used, and the surgical resection or uterine artery embolism+MTX+suction surgery was chosen. Conclusion · Both TVS and MRI have a high diagnostic accuracy for CSP, and TVS combined with MRI can provide important reference for CSP treatment options.
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Objective To investigate the value of tumor-stroma ratio(TSR) in evaluating the prognosis of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).Methods A total of 87 patients with TNBC were selected from January 2010 to December 2014 in the Second People's Hospital of Yibin.The TSR was detected by Hematoxylin eosin staining,the patients with TSR ＜50％ were included in the stroma-rich group,and the patients with TSR≥50％ were included in the stroma-rare group.The influencing factors of tumor-free survival and overall survival in TNBC patients were analyzed by COX regression model.The effect of TSR on tumor-free survival and overall survival in TNBC patients was further analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.Results Among the 87 TNBC patients,there were 38 patients with TSR≥50％ (stroma-rare group) and 49 patients with TSR ＜ 50％ (stroma-rich group).The 5-year tumor-free survival rate and overall survival rate of the 87 TNBC patients was 52.9％ (46/87) and 56.3％ (49/87) respectively.Single factor COX regression analysis showed that the tumor diameter staging,lymph node metastasis,the number of tumors and TSR were significantly correlated with the overall survival rate and tumor-free survival rate of patients with TNBC (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the tumor diameter staging,lymph node metastasis,the number of tumors and TSR were independent risk factors for overall survival rate and tumor-free survival rate of patients with TNBC (P ＜ 0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the tumor-free survival rate and the overall survival rate of TNBC patients in the stroma-rare group were 68.4％ (26/38) and 73.7％ (28/38),and they were 40.8％ (20/49) and 42.9％ (21/49) in the stroma-rich group.The Log-Rank test showed that the overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate of the TNBC patients in the stroma-rare group were significantly higher than those in the stroma-rich group (x2 =7.788,9.799;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TSR is significantly associated with the prognosis of TNBC patients,and it is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of TNBC patients.TSR can be used as an indicator for evaluating the prognosis of TNBC patients.
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Objective To define the assessment dimensions of community-based elderly care service.Methods Firstly 11 assessment dimensions of elderly care service needs were teased out through literature review and group discussion, these were illness, self-care ability, vision, risk of falls, willingness/information self-expression ability, the comprehension in others' willingness/information, depression, anxiety, family care ability, self-desires for old-age support, family-desires for old-age support.Then 37 experts were invited to reconfirm and empower theose assessment dimensions with two rounds of Delphi method.Results Results showed that the enthusiasm and authority degree of experts were favorable in two rounds, and the results from the second round showed strong opinion coordination.Finally, 12 assessment dimensions were confirmed, in which financial situation of the aged added and used for reference.After weight calculation, illness was weighted the highest (0.11), while vision and the degree of anxiety were weighted lowest in 11 dimensions (0.07).Conclusion The reliability of the assessment dimensions of the aged service needs is high.This study had positive significance on the solution of the dilemma in elderly care at the present stage.
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The present study was designed to investigate the non-alkaloid compounds from the leaves and stems of Vinca major cultivated in Yunnan Province, China. The compounds were isolated using chromatographic techniques. The structures were elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods in combination with UV, IR, and MS analyses. The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging activity of Compounds 1-7 were evaluated. One new iridoid glycoside (compound 1), together with 11 known compounds, were isolated from Vinca major. Compounds 1, 5, and 6 showed moderate DPPH-scavenging activity, with IC50 values being 70.6, 32.8, and 62.2 μmol·L(-1), respectively. In conclusion, compound 1 is a newly identified iridoid glycoside with moderate antioxidant activity.
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Antioxidants , Pharmacology , Iridoid Glycosides , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Stems , Chemistry , Vinca , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To assess the effect of inhalation of 20ppm nitric oxide(NO) on gas exchange and hemodynamics in acute lung injury induced by surfactant depletion in piglet.Methods Sixteen female piglets weighing 25-30 kg were induced with thiopental and pancuronium and maintained with continuous infusion of thiopental,fentanyl and pancuronium. The animals were tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated with oxygen(FiO 2=1.0). Femoral artery was cannulated for arterial blood sampling and blood gas analysis.Pulmonary catheter was inserted through the femoral vein for measurement of CVP, mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP), PCWP, cardiac output (CO) and sampling of mixed venous blood. Acute lung injury was induced by lung lavage after the method described by Lachmann until PaO 2 was lower than 100mm Hg(PaO 2/FiO 2
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AIM: To observe the effect of partial liquid ventilation with perfluorocarbon on gas exchange, hemodynamics and lung histological change in the piglets with surfactant depletion-induced acute lung injury. METHODS: 12 piglets were treated by lung lavage to a partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO 2) below 100 mmHg for one hour and randomly divided into gas ventilation group (control group) and partial liquid ventilation (PLV) group, in PLV group, piglets received PFC (FC3280) intratracheally at doses of 15 mL/kg. The parameters of gas exchange and hemodynamics were measured before lung lavage, after lung lavage when the acute lung injury (ALI) was established, and 1 hour, 2 hours after ALI. Animals underwent euthanasia at the end of the study, lung histologic analysis followed. RESULTS: Surfactant depletion by lung lavage induced a stable acute lung injury.Gas exchange increased markedly in the animals that underwent PLV, less hemodynamic damage was observed in PLV group compared with the animals in GV group. Lung histologic analysis demonstrated a less lung damage, including atelectasis, neutrophil excudation, intra-alveolar hemorrhage and interstitial edema in PLV group compared with control group. CONCLUSION: In piglets with surfactant depletion-induced acute lung injury, partial liquid ventilation with perfluorocarbon can improve the gas exchange with less adverse hemodynamic effect and less lung injury compared with conventional gas ventilation.